Beer the most widely consumed fermented beverage in the
world. Let me repeat: The most widely
consumed fermented beverage in the WORLD.
And when you come from a functional medicine perspective, the word
fermented is like gold. Fermented foods
and beverages have been around as a method of preservation for food since
before refrigeration and using bacteria and yeast to turn food into probiotic
powerhouses makes them healthy for us.
That probiotic content is something people pay big money for in the
world of supplements because of the profound impact it has on the health of
their gut microbiome, and in turn, many disease processes like Crohn’s disease,
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, anxiety disorders, and even obesity.
Beer is simple, but the art is in crafting something tasty
out of essentially water, starch, brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and
hops.
{Side note: The starch listed above is where the grains come
in. Glutinous grains are traditionally
used and trying to accomplish the same outcome with gluten-free options is a
very difficult task. Tip your hat to your local brewers if they’re able to make
your gluten-free beer dreams come true, because it is a next-level art.}
And here we are, back at the table, talking about how we
have more bacteria in our gut than cells in our body and the health and
diversity of those communities of bacteria are how we stay healthy as a human species. Undeniable at this point, but where does
beer fit in? It’s a fermented beverage
and tons of people drink beer, but many of them are NOT healthy. Does it have a place in this conversation? What parts of beer are the healthiest? Does beer really help breastfeeding and
hormones? Did you know they’re even
talking about this in the cancer world?
Isn’t alcohol unhealthy? Are
there better beers to choose than others from a health perspective? Can you
overdo it….I’m asking for a friend.
If you’re a science geek, I’m going to make you cry by
skipping over all the details and references because at the end of the day, it
takes hours to cover all that, and if you’re like me, I really just want know I
can trust the assessment and then give me the conclusion. So, that’s where we’re at: my opinion based
on the hours of going down the rabbit hole for fun.
There are 3 things to consider when talking about beer for
health:
- The influence on the microbiome
- The method of production and consumption
- The interaction with hormones
Is Alcohol
Healthy?
No. But there are
interesting data around blue zones showing moderate consumption contributes to
health and longevity. So, it begs the
question: Is it the type of alcohol or the way it’s consumed? My opinion is that unpasteurized, fermented
beverages like traditional wine, beer, and ciders are better for you than other
options, in moderation, and consuming them WITH people complicates the benefit around
what we know about community, conversation, friendship and the physiological
and biochemical changes that come with that alone. Red wine has been shown in studies to have
the least detrimental impact on inducing leaky gut, and unfortunately, we can’t
say the same for my spirit of choice: gin.
Nutshell: traditionally fermented options are best,
in moderation, WITH friends
Now that we have the elephant out of the way, let’s have
some beer…
What makes
beer healthy? {because I would love to
tell my doctor}
I want to focus on one component of beer here: hops. Hops are plants which contain compounds like polyphenols. These may sound foreign, but it’s some of the
same stuff you know about wine! Resveratrol is the polyphenol in wine that has
gotten all the love over the years, boosting wine sales significantly after the
research was published. Hops have up to
a 14% polyphenol concentration in the dried cones and while that encompasses
phenolic acids, catechins and proanthocyanidins, I’m mostly obsessed with the flavonoids.
{If you ever read my article on UTI’s, then you know it’s the proanthocyanidin content (PAC) in cranberries that work some magic on E.coli. Read here.}
In terms of flavonoids in hops, xanthohumol is where it’s
at. It contributes to the bitterness in
taste but it is probably more important that when that compound hits your gut,
your microbiome takes it and transforms it into a different compound. Here’s the kicker, the genus responsible for this
is Eubacterium. This kind of bacteria is
one of the largest butyrate producers in your gut, which for those that don’t
know, butyrate is a short chain fatty acid that acts as fuel for your intestinal
cells to thrive, keeping leaky gut at bay. You may have heard of them when
talking about PREbiotics; the stuff that you get when you eat fibers to feed
healthy bacteria in your gut. Polyphenols
do the same thing to some extent! If you
or your doctor have done a stool test on you, you may be more familiar with
these bacteria being in the phylum of Firmicutes.
{Side note for clinicians: If you see absent Firmicutes, you
are not only likely seeing low diversity in your patient, low butyrate production,
etc, but you are also seeing someone who may be deficient in their ability to
benefit from polyphenols that require that bacteria to transform them into
other compounds for a health outcome!
This area is something that I feel strongly about in terms of
personalized and precision medicine in the future. We are already studying the differences in
drug metabolism based on someone’s age, sex, genes, and MICROBIOME, but we
should be exploring the same principles to herbal medicinal interventions,
too. It does no good to provide someone
a compound that they lack the ability to transform if transformation is
necessary for the health outcome. Back to regular scheduled programming…}
They have done studies to watch the microbiome shifts using
alcoholic and non-alcoholic versions of wine to try and determine where
benefits are coming from, and sorry guys, they see more benefit in the
microbiome shifts of people drinking polyphenol-rich beverages WITHOUT the alcohol.
Nutshell: Wine and beer have these healthy
polyphenols, but if you were trying to be perfectionistic, you’d prioritize
non-alcoholic versions to have healthy impact on your microbiome.
What are
the best options to choose?
Prioritize the following:
- Craft beer may ensure more traditional methods
of production
- Buying from smaller brewers locally, on tap, may
improve the health aspects due to lack of pasteurization
- Consider choosing non-alcoholic hop beverages
for all the polyphenol benefits without the alcohol down-sides
- I’m not sponsored in any way, but I am obsessed
with HopTea, which is a tea brewed with hops and carbonated to give you all the
feels of a beer, without the hangover
Beer and hormones?
I didn’t even get the fact that hops are considered a galactogogue, which basically means, helps breastfeeding moms with milk production. They are also a phytoestrogen, which means they have estrogenic influence. Yes, estrogen is so important that even plants make them. This is often used in menopausal women to retain hormone balance to help hot flashes and brain neurodegeneration.
This could be an entirely different blog for an entirely different time. For now, I just wanted to share what I was learning about hops and the microbiome as my obsession for research in autoimmunity and my love of HopTea grows. Until next time!